The Two Conservatisms

“Western experts often describe the Islamic Republic of Iran as ‘conservative.’ The label is superficial, misleading, and fundamentally wrong. The regime in Tehran preserves nothing. It is a revolutionary project,…

Orbit and Empire

I have often returned to a concept that has shaped Anglo-American strategic thinking since the nineteenth century: the rivalry between sea powers and land powers. A sea power seeks what…

Industry Before Purity

Whenever I read about the military-industrial complex or the power of the arms lobby, I find myself uneasy. With investment funds or political NGOs, the judgment often feels simple: whatever…

Jazz and the Soviet Youth

Individual battlefield events—or even entire regional wars—should not obscure the larger, long-term global trends. China first achieved overwhelming dominance in industrial capacity. Then it began closing the technological gap and,…